I've played through the game and read some of the feedback already posted here and I'm not sure if I can find anything more to add, but I'll try.
The monster designs are truly great, both the visual representations, the things that they say are well conected to their vibe, and names are clever, some more straight forward than others, some were more "hidding in the plain sight" kind of thing (for example the Jeff Musk - I'm sorry, Muskos, greed monster ;)). Even though I'm a fan of vampires, The Law takes the cake for me, it's so simple yet so clever, best monster for me for sure, almost felt bad to defeat those lovely eyes.
I see this game more as an experience or a statement, than a game to be 100% fair, as the gameplay aspect didn't really drive me crazy. As others already mentioned, it's easy to ignore combos (although using combos is beneficial for sure) and just spam the weakness. Time constraint, while being enforced by the theme given, was counterintuitive to me, because I wanted to read what I or the monster said, but I had to rush through the dialogue to win the argument. Thematically it could also be a double-edged sword, as it might be interpreted by some that the things we say in the game are just first things that came to our minds instead of actually thinking about it and we blurted out the lines without, ironically much thought. Sometimes, when I actually read what the text boxes were saying I was surprised with some dialogues, as "empathy" lines were sometimes on par with "intimidation" in terms of their sharpness. I'll get to gameplay in a bit, but the idea (or atleast my interpretation of it) was well executed in my opinion nonetheless, as I felt that it showed how a person grows by having (in this case very though and harsh) conversations with others and how reflecting on those experiences can help us understand ourselves and prepare better for situations that the world will throw our way.
Back to the gameplay part though, what came to my mind instantly when I saw the interface were three games, I'm pretty sure it's not surprising that I thought of Undertale and Oh Sir! The Insult Simulator, but there is also one less known game that is based on conversation-combat that is not that well known is Last Word (available on steam), I would suggest giving it a try (nobody paid me for that :D) if You didn't yet, as it may fit your liking and maybe inspire you a little bit if you decide to go forward with Thoughts after the jam. All three games that I mentioned deal with their combat in a different way, but share the underlying idea with Thoughts, atleast in my opinion. I'm a big fan of games that have a meaning, but I'm also a sucker for stupid fun and dripping juice in games, so I would love to see your game's gameplay evolve to carry the message further.
Visually of course the game is good, already mentioned enemy designs are superb, audio aspect also holds itself to a high standard. Overall the game makes me nostalgic towards classic flash games that I enjoyed as a kid, which is a plus for me for sure.
Cheers!